Shantaram by Gregory David Roberts

Shantaram is a 2003 novel by Gregory David Roberts, in which a convicted Australian bank robber and heroin addict who escaped from Pentridge Prison flees to India.



The protagonist Lindsay (according to the book, Roberts' fake name) arrives in Bombay carrying a false passport in the name of Lindsay Ford. Mumbai was supposed to be only a stopover on a journey that was to take him from New Zealand to Germany, but he decides to stay in the city. Lindsay soon meets a local man named Prabaker whom he hires as a guide. Prabaker soon becomes his friend and names him Lin (Linbaba). Both men visit Prabaker's native village, Sunder, where Prabaker's mother decided to give Lin a new Maharashtrian name, like her own. Because she judged his nature to be blessed with peaceful happiness, she decided to call him Shantaram, meaning Man of God's Peace. On their way back to Mumbai, Lin and Prabaker are robbed. With all his possessions gone, Lin is forced to live in the slums, which shelters him from the authorities. After a massive fire on the day of his arrival in the slum, he sets up a free health clinic as a way to contribute to the community. He learns about the local culture and customs in this crammed environment, gets to know and love the people he encounters, and even becomes fluent in Marathi, the local language. He also witnesses and battles outbreaks of cholera and firestorms, becomes involved in trading with the lepers, and experiences how ethnic and marital conflicts are resolved in this densely crowded and diverse community.



Lin falls in love with Karla, a Swiss-American woman, befriends local artists and actors, landing him roles as an extra in several Bollywood movies, and is recruited by the Mumbai underworld for various criminal operations, including drug and weapons trade. Lin eventually lands in Mumbai's Arthur Road Prison. There, along with hundreds of other inmates, he endures brutal physical and mental abuse from the guards, while existing under extremely squalid conditions. However, thanks to the protection of the Afghan mafia don "Abdel Khader Khan", Lin is eventually released, and begins to work in a black market currency exchange and passport forgery. Having traveled as far as Africa on trips commissioned by the mafia, Lin later goes to Afghanistan to smuggle weapons for mujahideen freedom fighters. When his mentor Khan is killed, Lin realizes he has become everything he grew to loathe and falls into depression after he returns to India. He decides that he must fight for what he believes is right, and build an honest life. The story ends with him planning to go to Sri Lanka, which lays the premise for the sequel to this book.

Shantaram by Gregory David Roberts doesn’t neatly fit into the "refugee" genre, but it does share some thematic elements with it.

Refugee Genre:

Books in the refugee genre typically focus on the experiences of individuals or groups who are forced to flee their home country due to war, persecution, or violence. These stories often explore themes of displacement, identity, survival, and the search for a new home.

About Shantaram:

Plot: Shantaram is a semi-autobiographical novel that follows the story of Lin, an Australian man who escapes from prison and flees to Bombay (Mumbai) in the early 1980s. The novel is a sprawling narrative that covers his life on the run, his involvement in the Bombay underworld, and his time spent living in a slum, working in a clinic, and becoming involved in various criminal enterprises.

Themes: The novel explores themes of exile, identity, redemption, and the search for meaning. Lin is a fugitive, but not a traditional refugee. He is escaping from a prison sentence, not from persecution or violence in his home country. The novel is more about his journey of self-discovery and survival in a foreign land.

Connection to the Refugee Genre:

While Shantaram does explore themes of exile and displacement, Lin is not a refugee in the conventional sense. He is a fugitive who chooses to flee his country to escape legal consequences, rather than being forced to leave due to external threats like war or persecution. The book is more accurately described as a blend of crime fiction, adventure, and philosophical exploration.

In conclusion, while Shantaram shares some thematic elements with the refugee genre, such as displacement and survival in a foreign land, it is not typically categorized as a refugee novel. It fits better into genres like crime fiction, adventure, and autobiographical fiction.