Sun -) Moon -) Group of Stars -) Shukra -) Budha -) Angaraka - ) Brihaspati -) Shani -) Saptarishi -) Dhruvaloka
Shukra: is a Sanskrit word that means "lucid, clear, bright". It also has other meanings, such as the name of an ancient lineage of sages who counselled Asuras in Vedic mythology. Shukra is the root of the word 'Shukravara' or Friday in the Hindu calendar.In medieval mythology and Hindu astrology, the term refers to the planet Venus, one of the Navagrahas.
Navagraha means "nine celestial bodies" in Sanskrit and are nine astronomical bodies as well as deities in Hinduism and Hindu astrology. These are the Sun (Ravi), the Moon (Soma), Mars (Mangal), Mercury (Budh), Jupiter (Dev Guru/Brihaspathi), Venus (Shukra), Saturn (Shani), Solar (Rahu) Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse (Ketu)
" Suriaya, Somaya, Mangalaya, Budayacha, Gurusukra Sanibiascha, Rahave, Kedhave Namaha. "
Budha appears as a deity in Indian texts, often as the son of Soma (moon god, Chandra) and Taraka (wife of Bṛhaspati, Jupiter god). The mythology of Budha as a deity is not consistent in Hindu Puranas, and he alternatively is described as the son of goddess Rohini (a daughter of Daksha) and god Soma. It is a Sanskrit word that connotes the planet Mercury. Budha is the root of the word 'Budhavara' or Wednesday in the Hindu calendar.
Angāraka - one who is red in colour also called Mangala, Raktavarna, Bhauma/Kuja (son of Bhumi),Lohitānga (Loha also means Iron, so could also mean Iron Bodied), Bha - shining - The word Mangala is ancient, first appearing in the Rigveda (pre-1000 BCE), and mentioned by grammarian Patanjali (~2nd century BCE), but not as an astrological term, rather to mean "auspicious-successful" (siddha) structure in literary arts. Mangala is the root of the word 'Mangalavara' or Tuesday in the Hindu calendar. Also is the name for Mars, the red planet, in Hindu texts. His origins vary with different mythological texts; in some, he is the son of Bhumi, the Earth Goddess and Vishnu, born when he raised her from the depths of water during the time of the Varaha avatar. Another thought is that he is born from Shiva's sweat or blood drop. He is also a god of war, celibate and sometimes linked to god Karttikeya (Skanda).
Bṛhaspati refers to different mythical figures depending on the age of the text. In ancient Hindu literature Brihaspati is a Vedic era sage who counsels the gods, while in some medieval texts the word refers to the largest planet Jupiter. Rigveda Hyme 50, Book 4 say he is the one who drove away darkness, is bright and pure, and carries a special bow whose string is Rta or "cosmic order" (basis of dharma/Dharmashastra). While the manuscripts of Brihaspati Smriti (Bṛhaspatismṛti) have not survived into the modern era, its verses were cited in other Indian texts. Brihaspati has a second meaning and refers to Jupiter. It became the root of the word 'Brihaspativara' or Thursday in the Hindu calendar. Brihaspati was married to Tara. In medieval mythologies, Tara was abducted by Chandra. Tara bore a son, Budha (planet Mercury).
Shani refers to the planet Saturn, and is one of the nine heavenly objects known as Navagraha in Hindu astrology. He is the God of Justice in Hindu mythology and delivers results to all, depending upon their thoughts, speech and deeds (karma). Shani is the basis for Shanivara . Shani is considered inauspicious and is feared for delivering misfortune and loss to those who deserve it. He is also capable of conferring boons and blessings to the worthy, depending upon their karma.
Saptarishis - The original seekers Saptarishis are the hierarchy working under the guidance of the highest creative intelligence, Paramatma. The present batch of the Saptarishis are Kashyapa, Atri, Vasistha, Vishvamitra, Gautama Maharishi, Jamadagni and Bharadvaja. They bring down to the earth the required knowledge and energies to strengthen the processes of transition (pralaya). They are naturally the most evolved 'light beings' in the creation and the guardians of the divine laws.
Different lists appear; some of these rishis were recognized as the 'mind-born sons' (Sanskrit: मनस पुत्र, manasputra) of Brahma, the representation of the Supreme Being as Creator. Since these seven rishis were also among the primary seven rishis, who were considered to be the ancestors of the Gotras of Brahmins, the birth of these rishis was mythicized.
In ancient Indian astronomy, the constellation of the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) is called saptarishi, with the seven stars representing seven rishis, namely "Vashistha", "Marichi", "Pulastya", "Pulaha", "Atri", "Angiras" and "Kratu". There is another star slightly visible within it, known as "Arundhati". Arundhati is the wife of Vashistha. Vashishtha and Arundhati together form the Mizar double.
Stars of Saptarishi (Ursa Major) with their Indian astronomical names
As per legend, the seven Rishis in the next Manvantara will be Diptimat, Galava, Parashurama, Kripa, Drauni or Ashwatthama, Vyasa and Rishyasringa.
1) Atri:
Seer in Vedas, Husband of Anusuya, Father of Dattatreya, Dervasa and Soma.
2) Vashishtha:
Owner of Kamadhenu, Royal priest in Ayodhya, Perceptor to Rama and Bhishma, Yoga Vashishtha attributed to him.
3) Kashyap:
Author of Rig Veda, Husband of Diti, Aditi, Danu, Kadru, Vinata etc.. Father to Gods, Demons, Yakshas, Nagas etc.
4) Gautam:
Seer in Vedas, Husband of Ahalya, Ancestor of Kripacharya, Attributed to ledends of Triyambakshwar and Godavari river
5) Bharadwaj:
Vedic Sage, appears in both Ramayana and Mahabharata, Father of Sage Garga, Dronacharya. Grandfather of Kubera (Maternal)
6) Vishwamitra:
Kshatriya turned Rishi, gave Gayatri Mantra. Father of Shakuntala, Grandfather of Bharat (after whom the country is named)
7) Angiras:
Author in Rig Veda. Father of Brihaspati and progenitor of Angiras clan. Both Bharadwaj and Gautam are Angiras.
In addition, Sage Bhrigu (father of Shukracharya and author of Bhrigu Samhita) SAge Jamadagni (father of Parashuram), Sage Pulatsya (Grandfather of Ravana) are considered Saptarishis by some texts.
Matsya (fish) rescues the Saptarishi and Manu from the great Deluge
The pole star (Dhruvaloka) is the central pivot of the universal planetary system SB Canto 4 The polestar, called Dhruvaloka, is the pivot of this.
Understanding Dhruvaloka - By His Divine Grace A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.
Dhruvaloka, or the polestar, is the abode of Lord Vishnu within this material world. Upon it there is an ocean of milk, and within that ocean there is an island known as Shvetadvipa. It is clearly indicated that this planet is situated above the seven planetary systems of the r.s.is , and because this planet is Vishnuloka, it is worshiped by all other planetary systems. Although the polestar existed before its occupation by Dhruva Maharaja, it had no predominating deity. Dhruvaloka, our polestar, is the center for all other stars and solar systems, for all of them circle around Dhruvaloka just as a bull crushes grains by walking around and around a central pole. Dhruva wanted the best of all planets, and although it was a childish prayer, the Lord satisfied his demand. A small child may demand something from his father which his father has never given to anyone else, yet out of affection the father offers it to the child; similarly, this unique planet, Dhruvaloka, was offered to Maharaja Dhruva.
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Dhruvaloka, the abode of Lord Viṣṇu within this universe, is situated 1,300,000 yojanas from the seven stars. In the planetary system of Dhruvaloka are the planets of the fire-god, Indra, Prajāpati, Kaśyapa and Dharma, all of whom are very respectful to the great devotee Dhruva, who lives on the polestar. Like bulls yoked to a central pivot, all the planetary systems revolve around Dhruvaloka, impelled by eternal time. Those who worship the virāṭ-puruṣa, the universal form of the Lord, conceive of this entire rotating system of planets as an animal known as śiśumāra. This imaginary śiśumāra is another form of the Lord. The head of the śiśumāra form is downward, and its body appears like that of a coiled snake. On the end of its tail is Dhruvaloka, on the body of the tail are Prajāpati, Agni, Indra and Dharma, and on the root of the tail are Dhātā and Vidhātā. On its waist are the seven great sages. The entire body of the śiśumāra faces toward its right and appears like a coil of stars. On the right side of this coil are the fourteen prominent stars from Abhijit to Punarvasu, and on the left side are the fourteen prominent stars from Puṣyā to Uttarāṣāḍhā. The stars known as Punarvasu and Puṣyā are on the right and left hips of the śiśumāra, and the stars known as Ārdrā and Aśleṣā are on the right and left feet of the śiśumāra. Other stars are also fixed on different sides of the Śiśumāra planetary system according to the calculations of Vedic astronomers. To concentrate their minds, yogīs worship the Śiśumāra planetary system, which is technically known as the kuṇḍalini-cakra.
Brahma-saṁhitā ( post-vedic Samhitas {Samhita literally means "put together, joined, union", a "collection", and "a methodically, rule-based combination of text or verses". Samhita also refers to the most ancient layer of text in the Vedas, consisting of mantras, hymns, prayers, litanies and benedictions.} are: Ashtavakra Gita, Bhrigu Samhita, Brahma Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Deva Samhita, Garga Samhita, Gheranda Samhita, Kashyap Samhita, Shiva Samhita - The Brahma Saṁhitā is a Sanskrit Pañcarātra text, composed of verses of prayer spoken by Brahma glorifying the Supreme Lord Kṛiṣṇa or Govinda at the beginning of creation) says as follows:
yac-cakṣur eṣa savitā sakala-grahāṇāṁ
rājā samasta-sura-mūrtir aśeṣa-tejāḥ
yasyājñayā bhramati sambhṛta-kāla-cakro
govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi
“I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, under whose control even the sun, which is considered to be the eye of the Lord, rotates within the fixed orbit of eternal time. The sun is the king of all planetary systems and has unlimited potency in heat and light.” This verse from Brahma-saṁhitā confirms that even the largest and most powerful planet, the sun, rotates within a fixed orbit, or kāla-cakra, in obedience to the order of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
SB Canto 4
The polestar, called Dhruvaloka, is the pivot of this universe, and all planets move around this polestar.
SB 4.29.42-44, Purport: All the great sages mentioned in this verse have their planets near Brahmaloka, the planet where Lord Brahmā resides along with four great sages—Sanaka, Sanātana, Sanandana and Sanat-kumāra. These sages reside in different stars known as the southern stars, which circle the polestar. The polestar, called Dhruvaloka, is the pivot of this universe, and all planets move around this polestar. All the stars are planets, as far as we can see, within this one universe. According to Western theory, all the stars are different suns, but according to Vedic information, there is only one sun within this universe. All the so-called stars are but different planets. Besides this universe, there are many millions of other universes, and each of them contains similar innumerable stars and planets.
Now is'nt that interesting? Other than this - and important point in Hindu Philosophy, which is being mentioned here, as a question came to my mind as to why Earth don't feature in Navagraha is :
Pancha Bhoota or Pancha Maha-Bhoota which are, five great elements, also five physical elements, is a group of five basic elements, which, according to Hinduism, is the basis of all cosmic creation. These elements are: Prithvi/Bhudevi (Hindi: पृथ्वी, Earth), Apas/Varuna/Jal (Hindi: अप्, Water), Agni (Hindi: अग्नि, Fire), Vayu (Hindi: वायु, Air), Aakash/Dyaus (Hindi: आकाश, Aether). These elements have different characteristics and these also account for different faculties of human experience. In ayurveda and Indian philosophy, the human body is considered to be made of these five elements.
The pancha bhoota are associated with a sense which is perceived by sense organ in human being. Below table gives details of associated sense, sense organ, and other attributes of elements.
Bhoota (Element) Associated Sense Associated Sense Organ Perception mode Associated Finger
Akash/Dyaus (Space) Sound Ear Heard Middle Finger
Vayu (Air) Touch Skin Heard, Felt Index Finger
Agni (Fire) Sight/Color Eye Heard, Felt, Seen Thumb
Jal/Varuna (Water) Taste Tongue Heard, Felt, Seen, Tasted Little Finger
Prithvi/Bhumi (Earth) Smell Nose Heard, Felt, seen, Tasted, Smelled Ring Finger
The seven Chakras in the human subtle body are associated with these five elements.
Chakra Bhoota Characteristic
Muladhara Chakra Prithvi Stability, Support
Swadhishthan Chakra Jal Joy, Well-being
Manipura Chakra Agni Wisdom, Power
Anahata Chakra Vayu Compassion
Vishuddha Chakra Akash Trust, Creativity
Ajna Chakra Akash Knowledge, Intuition, Dignity
Sahasrara Chakra Akash Oneness
Vastu shastra emphasizes on the placement of five elements in specified direction and the balance of these elements determines the condition of the associated structure.
Bhoota Associated Direction Characteristics
Akasha/Dyaus East Expansion, enhancement
Vayu/Pavan North Movements, joy, happiness
Agni South Power, confidence, fame
Jal/Apas/Varuna West Spirituality, ideas, thoughts, healing
Prithvi/Bhumi Center, Diagonal Stability, peace and harmony
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