The Robbers Cave experiment was a 1954 study by Muzafer Sherif that demonstrated how intergroup conflict develops and how it can be resolved. Muzafer Sherif that demonstrated how intergroup conflict develops and how it can be resolved.
Researchers at a summer camp for boys created two groups (the Rattlers and Eagles) who first bonded, then became hostile when competing for limited prizes.
Conflict escalated from verbal taunts to physical fights.
Researchers then introduced superordinate goals, requiring cooperation to solve problems like fixing a water tank, which fostered friendships and reduced hostility.
You can watch this video to learn more about the Robbers Cave experiment:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W0Txe-bhFE
Methodology
The experiment involved three stages:
In-group formation:
22 boys were divided into two groups and given time to bond through cooperative activities like hiking and swimming, forming distinct identities and norms.
Friction phase:
The groups competed in games such as baseball and football for valuable prizes, leading to intense rivalry, hostility, and negative stereotypes.
Conflict resolution:
Researchers created situations requiring the groups to work together on common goals, like pulling a stuck truck out of the mud or fixing a water supply.
Findings
Conflict:
Competition for scarce resources (like medals and trophies) quickly leads to increased hostility and prejudiced behavior between groups.
Resolution:
Working towards a common, mutually beneficial goal (superordinate goal) is more effective than mere contact or communication in reducing intergroup conflict and fostering cooperation.
You can watch this video to learn more about the conflict resolution in the Robbers Cave experiment:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9DyGsuvIPo
Significance
The Robbers Cave experiment is a key demonstration of Realistic Conflict Theory, which posits that intergroup conflict arises from competing for limited resources.
The study's findings have been applied to various real-world conflicts, including racial prejudice and business competition, to develop strategies for reducing prejudice and improving relationships.
This video explains the realistic conflict theory:
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